FIT4CEA advances the potential of Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) as a future-proof, climate-resilient system for producing healthy and nutritious food. Bridging social and natural sciences, we explore CEA typologies — from low-tech to high-tech greenhouses and vertical farms — in diverse European contexts and beyond. We investigate novel food crops to broaden the diversity of CEA-sourced food, prioritising nutritional value (micronutrients, proteins and bioactive compounds) alongside yield. We develop novel technologies to enable fossil-free, emissions-free and circular production systems, and explore how CEA can integrate with adjacent sectors such as aquaponics, energy grids, and urban environments. All CEA systems and innovations are evaluated in all sustainability dimensions — environmental, social and economic. To ensure real-world impact, we facilitate uptake of results through up-scaling, replication of best practices, and the development of new sustainable farming technologies and methods, including new business cases trialled in living labs. Finally, we synthesise future trajectories for CEA and derive actionable policy implications for the sector.