Pasteurisation of milk involves heating milk to at least 72°C for 15 s or to 63°C for 30 min. Such heat treatment is necessary to reduce pathogenic bacteria to an acceptable safe level and reduce spoilage organisms, thus extending the shelf-life of the milk and improving public health. There are few adverse effects of the nutritional quality of the milk. In this Bulletin, the technological process of pasteurisation is outlined, the microbiological aspects of the impact of pasteurisaiton on public health are explained and the scientific basis demonstrating that milk pasteurisation does not significantly impact the nutritional properties of milk are described. Thus, according to the currently available knowledge, drinking pasteurised milk is still the safest way to enjoy the health benefits of drinking milk. The focus of the Bulletin is on pasteurised cow's milk for direct consumption; milk from other animal species or milk intended for further processing have not been considered in this publication. Although homogenisation is now an integral part of the pasteurisation process in many regions, it has not been considered for the purposes of this Bulletin. This Bulletin will be of value to the dairy sector and to the broader audience, as it provides an overview of the process of pasteurisation of milk, the advantages of milk pasteurisation from a public health perspective and demonstrates that milk pasteurisation has little impact on the nutritional properties of milk.