This project will develop the scientific basis for cost-benefit analyses of measures to avoid or restore soil compaction. As a final outcome (i.e., beyond the current project), we anticiptate a framework that can be used by growers or agricultural advisers to determine together where and under which conditions investing in soil de-compaction or compaction avoidance makes sense, meaning how much a grower can earn or save per annum. The project will investigate how compaction influences the interplay between work planning, technology selection and risk exposure, what opportunity costs result from soil-conserving measures, and what are the costs and benefits of measures to avoid and repair soil compaction. Using bio-economic modelling, the intertemporal effects on productivity, investment decisions and income shall be quantified, thereby empirically analysing the economic incentive structures for effective soil protection. Through these analyses, we will identify economically attractive scenarios to avoid and mitigate soil compaction, which will allow to make preliminary suggestions for farmers’ actions and policy needs towards better soil compaction management.